全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1528篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1215篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
力学 | 33篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 194篇 |
物理学 | 193篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 22篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 80篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 75篇 |
2012年 | 101篇 |
2011年 | 102篇 |
2010年 | 73篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 99篇 |
2007年 | 103篇 |
2006年 | 97篇 |
2005年 | 89篇 |
2004年 | 80篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1916年 | 3篇 |
1911年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1639条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
41.
42.
Siwei Wang Jesse Ward Sven Leyffer Stefan M. Wild Chris Jacobsen Stefan Vogt 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2014,21(3):568-579
A novel approach to locate, identify and refine positions and whole areas of cell structures based on elemental contents measured by X‐ray fluorescence microscopy is introduced. It is shown that, by initializing with only a handful of prototypical cell regions, this approach can obtain consistent identification of whole cells, even when cells are overlapping, without training by explicit annotation. It is robust both to different measurements on the same sample and to different initializations. This effort provides a versatile framework to identify targeted cellular structures from datasets too complex for manual analysis, like most X‐ray fluorescence microscopy data. Possible future extensions are also discussed. 相似文献
43.
44.
A confidence interval for the probability of detection across laboratories (LPOD) for qualitative methods, described in the AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for validation of microbiological methods for food and environmental surfaces, is considered. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, the observed confidence of this confidence interval can be rather low, so that statistical minimum requirements are not fulfilled. A new profile likelihood confidence interval based on a latent random laboratory effect approach is proposed. Observed confidence levels for this confidence interval demonstrate its applicability already for a small number of laboratories. 相似文献
45.
46.
47.
Alessio Melli Simone Potenti Dr. Mattia Melosso Dr. Sven Herbers Dr. Lorenzo Spada Dr. Andrea Gualandi Kevin G. Lengsfeld Prof. Luca Dore Philipp Buschmann Prof. Pier Giorgio Cozzi Prof. Jens-Uwe Grabow Prof. Vincenzo Barone Prof. Cristina Puzzarini 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(65):15016-15022
Phenylmethanimine is an aromatic imine with a twofold relevance in chemistry: organic synthesis and astrochemistry. To tackle both aspects, a multidisciplinary strategy has been exploited and a new, easily accessible synthetic approach to generate stable imine-intermediates in the gas phase and in solution has been introduced. The combination of this formation pathway, based on the thermal decomposition of hydrobenzamide, with a state-of-the-art computational characterization of phenylmethanimine laid the foundation for its first laboratory observation by means of rotational electric resonance spectroscopy. Both E and Z isomers have been accurately characterized, thus providing a reliable basis to guide future astronomical observations. A further characterization has been carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing the feasibility of this synthetic approach in solution. The temperature dependence as well as possible mechanisms of the thermolysis process have been examined. 相似文献
48.
Pascal Wintergerst Kamil Witas Djawed Nauroozi Marie-Ann Schmid Ebru Dikmen Stefanie Tschierlei Sven Rau 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2020,646(13):842-848
The synthesis of alkyne functionalized bipyridine ruthenium complexes are reported. The improved synthetic approach through application of stable protecting groups prevents formation of possible side products while facilitating purification. By applying copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC) pyrene units with flexible alkyl linkers are introduced at the periphery of the complex, opening up various applications including surface immobilization and DNA intercalation. All complexes are characterized structurally as well as photophysically, especially regarding the influence of the introduced alkyne and triazolyl substituents on their photophysical behavior. 相似文献
49.
50.
Johann Kunckel's Ars Vitraria Experimentalis (1679) is arguably the most important text on seventeenth-century glassmaking. As an augmented German translation of Italian (1612) and English (1662) editions, Kunckel presented a complex and layered text that contained a plethora of recipes, elaborate commentaries and annotations, and various appendices dealing with glass-related technologies and arts. We reworked four recipes for rosichiero glass (a transparent red glass) in Kunckel's book to discover what strategies Kunckel employed to help readers engage with the recipes and to make the recipes work in the specificity of their own workshop. We learned that Kunckel regularly neglected to test the Italian recipes, and that not all of his corrections are improvements, thereby specifying our understanding of the “codification of error” as a strategy to write down colour-making knowledge. Instead, Kunckel made the choice to educate his readers on the very mechanisms of glass colouring to allow them to intervene to influence the colour of the glass and to gain further control over the making process. He argued that the colour of glass is sensitive to the manner in which ingredients are sourced and processed, and emphasised the importance of furnace management in optimising the colour of glass. 相似文献